Name | L-kynurenine free base |
Synonyms | L-KYNURENINE L-Kynurenine JACS-2922-83-0 L-kynurenine free base β-Anthraniloyl-L-alanine L-2-AMINO-3-(2-AMINOBENZOYL)PROPIONIC ACID L-2-AMINO-4-[2-AMINOPHENYL]-4-OXOBUTANOIC ACID β-Anthraniloyl-L-alanine, L-2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid |
CAS | 2922-83-0 |
InChI | InChI=1/C10H12N2O3/c11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9(13)5-8(12)10(14)15/h1-4,8H,5,11-12H2,(H,14,15)/t8-/m0/s1 |
InChIKey | YGPSJZOEDVAXAB-QMMMGPOBSA-N |
Molecular Formula | C10H12N2O3 |
Molar Mass | 208.21 |
Density | 1.343±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 219 °C |
Boling Point | 466.6±45.0 °C(Predicted) |
Specific Rotation(α) | -33 ° (C=0.4, H2O) |
Solubility | DMSO : 50 mg/mL (240.14 mM; Need ultrasonic) |
Appearance | light yellow powder |
Color | light yellow |
Merck | 14,5328 |
pKa | 2.21±0.23(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | under inert gas (nitrogen or Argon) at 2–8 °C |
Stability | Stable for 2 years as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or distilled water may be stored at -20° for up to 3 months. |
Refractive Index | -33 ° (C=0.4, H2O) |
MDL | MFCD00069912 |
In vitro study | Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out diverse biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. Some cancers increase kynurenine production, which increases tumor growth. L-kynurenine (Kyn) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that activates AHR-directed, naive T cell polarization to the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype. Kynurenine activates AHR signaling at physiological concentrations in H1L7.5c3 cells and acts as an AHR agonist after a 24-hr exposure by inducing the AHR-regulated luciferase gene in H1L7.5c3 mouse hepatocyte cells. |
In vivo study | Kynurenine dilates arteries from rats as well as humans via Kv7 channels in the vascular smooth muscle. In rats, this tryptophan metabolite causes hypotension, which is partly counteracted by Kv7 channel inhibition. L-kynurenine administered 1 h before the hypoxia-ischemia shows a dose-dependent significant neuroprotective effect, with complete protection at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The induction of c-fos immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex is also blocked by this dose of L-kynurenine. |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | CY9049700 |
Reference Show more | 1. Xu Kaicheng in the Ruian Yang Yunfei Dan wisdom Shao Jia Wei. Simultaneous determination of L-tryptophan and L-kynurenine in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS [J]. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University, 2016, 47(06):714-718. 2. Wang, Li-Ming, et al. "1H NMR and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS-Based metabonomics combined with 16S rRNA gut microbiota analysis revealed." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68.47 (2020 3. Zhipin Wang, Hong Jiang, Xujiao Chen, Xinhua Song, Fengjing Xu, Fangchao Chen, Zhiguo Mao, Shouhong Gao, Wansheng Chen,A rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of eight protein-bound uremic toxins in human serum by UHPLC-MS/MS: applica 4. [IF=5.279] Li-Ming Wang et al."1H NMR and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS-Based Metabolomics Combined with 16S rRNA Gut Microbiota Analysis Revealed the Potential Regulation Mechanism of Nuciferine in Hyperuricemia Rats."J Agr Food Chem. 2020;68(47):14059-14070 5. [IF=4.868] Jiaqi Shi et al."STING agonist and IDO inhibitor combination therapy inhibits tumor progression in murine models of colorectal cancer."Cell Immunol. 2021 Aug;366:104384 6. [IF=3.935] Zhipeng Wang et al."A rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of eight protein-bound uremic toxins in human serum by UHPLC-MS/MS: application in assessing peritoneal dialysis."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2020 Jul;186:113312 7. [IF=2.193] Yang Yang et al."Simultaneous Determination of 34 Amino Acids in Tumor Tissues from Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on the Targeted UHPLC-MS/MS Method."J Anal Methods Chem. 2020;2020:4641709 |
biological activity | L-Kynurenine ((S)-Kynurenine) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of amino acid L-tryptophan and a central compound of tryptophan metabolic pathway, which can be used to produce niacin. |